{"id":1341,"date":"2026-07-27T02:16:13","date_gmt":"2026-07-27T02:16:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/ru\/docs\/uncategorized\/echarts-playbook\/heatmap-chart-grid-based-density-and-pattern-mapping\/"},"modified":"2026-07-29T08:50:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T08:50:46","slug":"heatmap-chart-grid-based-density-and-pattern-mapping-guide","status":"publish","type":"ld_docs","link":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/ru\/docs\/vpascode-docs\/echarts-playbook\/heatmap-chart-grid-based-density-and-pattern-mapping-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Heatmap Chart: Grid-Based Density and Pattern Mapping"},"content":{"rendered":"

When analyzing activity density, continuous trends, or correlations across two discrete dimensions, the Heatmap Chart<\/strong> provides a powerful visual solution. By mapping data values to a dynamic color scale across a two-dimensional grid, heatmaps allow users to spot peak usage hours, seasonal bottlenecks, or matrix relationships<\/em> instantly\u2014such as server load by hour and day of the week, user activity logs, or cross-category correlation matrices.<\/p>\n

The Mechanics of Heatmaps<\/h2>\n

In Apache ECharts, heatmaps use type: 'heatmap'<\/code> on a two-dimensional Cartesian grid. Each data point expects a 3-element array formatted as [xAxisIndex, yAxisIndex, value]<\/code>. A required visualMap<\/code> component maps numerical values to a continuous or piecewise color gradient.<\/p>\n

1. Essential Setup<\/h3>\n

To build a basic heatmap chart, declare categorical axes for both horizontal (xAxis<\/code>) and vertical (yAxis<\/code>) scales, pass [xIndex, yIndex, value]<\/code> arrays into your series data, and configure a visualMap<\/code> component:<\/p>\n

\r\n
\r\n ECharts<\/span>\r\n \r\n <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n Edit ECharts in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n 
const hours = ['12am', '2am', '4am', '6am', '8am', '10am', '12pm', '2pm', '4pm', '6pm', '8pm', '10pm'];\r\nconst days = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday'];\r\n\r\n\/\/ Data format: [xIndex, yIndex, value]\r\nconst data = [\r\n    [0, 0, 5], [1, 0, 1], [2, 0, 0], [3, 0, 0], [4, 0, 12], [5, 0, 24], [6, 0, 38], [7, 0, 42], [8, 0, 35], [9, 0, 20], [10, 0, 10], [11, 0, 6],\r\n    [0, 1, 3], [1, 1, 0], [2, 1, 0], [3, 1, 1], [4, 1, 15], [5, 1, 28], [6, 1, 45], [7, 1, 50], [8, 1, 40], [9, 1, 22], [10, 1, 12], [11, 1, 4],\r\n    [0, 2, 2], [1, 2, 1], [2, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0], [4, 2, 11], [5, 2, 26], [6, 2, 41], [7, 2, 48], [8, 2, 38], [9, 2, 19], [10, 2, 8],  [11, 2, 3],\r\n    [0, 3, 4], [1, 3, 2], [2, 3, 0], [3, 3, 1], [4, 3, 14], [5, 3, 30], [6, 3, 49], [7, 3, 55], [8, 3, 42], [9, 3, 25], [10, 3, 15], [11, 3, 5],\r\n    [0, 4, 6], [1, 4, 3], [2, 4, 1], [3, 4, 2], [4, 4, 10], [5, 4, 20], [6, 4, 32], [7, 4, 36], [8, 4, 28], [9, 4, 18], [10, 4, 9],  [11, 4, 2]\r\n];\r\n\r\noption = {\r\n    tooltip: {\r\n        position: 'top'\r\n    },\r\n    grid: {\r\n        height: '50%',\r\n        top: '10%'\r\n    },\r\n    xAxis: {\r\n        type: 'category',\r\n        data: hours,\r\n        splitArea: { show: true }\r\n    },\r\n    yAxis: {\r\n        type: 'category',\r\n        data: days,\r\n        splitArea: { show: true }\r\n    },\r\n    visualMap: {\r\n        min: 0,\r\n        max: 60,\r\n        calculable: true,\r\n        orient: 'horizontal',\r\n        left: 'center',\r\n        bottom: '15%'\r\n    },\r\n    series: [\r\n        {\r\n            name: 'System Load',\r\n            type: 'heatmap',\r\n            data: data,\r\n            label: {\r\n                show: true\r\n            },\r\n            emphasis: {\r\n                itemStyle: {\r\n                    shadowBlur: 10,\r\n                    shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)'\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    ]\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit ECharts in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n
\"\"<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
Advanced Structural Techniques<\/h2>\n
Heatmaps can be customized with discrete color steps, distinct cell gaps, or combined with calendar coordinates to track activity over a full year.<\/p>\n
1. Piecewise Color Mapping and Custom Cell Spacing<\/h3>\n
Instead of a continuous color gradient, use a piecewise visualMap<\/code> to group values into distinct operational bands (e.g., Low, Medium, High):<\/p>\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    ECharts<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit ECharts in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
option = {\r\n    tooltip: { position: 'top' },\r\n    xAxis: {\r\n        type: 'category',\r\n        data: ['Q1', 'Q2', 'Q3', 'Q4']\r\n    },\r\n    yAxis: {\r\n        type: 'category',\r\n        data: ['Product A', 'Product B', 'Product C']\r\n    },\r\n    visualMap: {\r\n        type: 'piecewise',\r\n        min: 0,\r\n        max: 100,\r\n        left: 'center',\r\n        bottom: '5%',\r\n        orient: 'horizontal',\r\n        pieces: [\r\n            { min: 80, label: 'High Performance', color: '#16a34a' },\r\n            { min: 40, max: 79, label: 'Moderate', color: '#f59e0b' },\r\n            { max: 39, label: 'Needs Attention', color: '#dc2626' }\r\n        ]\r\n    },\r\n    series: [\r\n        {\r\n            type: 'heatmap',\r\n            data: [\r\n                [0, 0, 85], [1, 0, 92], [2, 0, 78], [3, 0, 88],\r\n                [0, 1, 45], [1, 1, 55], [2, 1, 62], [3, 1, 35],\r\n                [0, 2, 25], [1, 2, 30], [2, 2, 18], [3, 2, 42]\r\n            ],\r\n            label: { show: true },\r\n            itemStyle: {\r\n                borderColor: '#ffffff',\r\n                borderWidth: 2\r\n            }\r\n        }\r\n    ]\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit ECharts in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n
\"\"<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
Fine-Tuning Layout and Color Gradients<\/h2>\n
Choosing legible color stops and enabling split areas makes large matrix grids effortless to scan.<\/p>\n
1. Gradient Customization and Label Alignment<\/h3>\n
Configure custom multi-stop color ramps in visualMap.inRange<\/code> to match your platform theme:<\/p>\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    ECharts<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit ECharts in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
option = {\r\n    grid: { containLabel: true },\r\n    xAxis: {\r\n        type: 'category',\r\n        data: ['Node 1', 'Node 2', 'Node 3', 'Node 4']\r\n    },\r\n    yAxis: {\r\n        type: 'category',\r\n        data: ['Service X', 'Service Y', 'Service Z']\r\n    },\r\n    visualMap: {\r\n        min: 0,\r\n        max: 100,\r\n        calculable: true,\r\n        orient: 'horizontal',\r\n        left: 'center',\r\n        bottom: '0%',\r\n        inRange: {\r\n            color: ['#f0f9ff', '#0284c7', '#0f172a'] \/\/ Soft blue to dark slate gradient\r\n        }\r\n    },\r\n    series: [\r\n        {\r\n            type: 'heatmap',\r\n            data: [\r\n                [0, 0, 12], [1, 0, 45], [2, 0, 78], [3, 0, 95],\r\n                [0, 1, 34], [1, 1, 67], [2, 1, 89], [3, 1, 23],\r\n                [0, 2, 56], [1, 2, 78], [2, 2, 12], [3, 2, 88]\r\n            ]\r\n        }\r\n    ]\r\n};<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit ECharts in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n
\"\"<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
Strategic Best Practices<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Always Include a visualMap<\/code>:<\/strong> A heatmap without a visual legend forces users to guess what colors mean. Always place a continuous or piecewise visualMap<\/code> clearly near the canvas edge.<\/li>\n
  • Use Grid Borders for Separation:<\/strong> Apply thin white borders using itemStyle.borderColor: '#fff'<\/code> and borderWidth: 1<\/code> or 2<\/code> to keep individual cells visually distinct in dense matrices.<\/li>\n
  • Ensure High-Contrast Text:<\/strong> If cell numerical labels are active (label.show: true<\/code>), test that text color remains readable against both the lightest and darkest steps in your color gradient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    When analyzing activity density, continuous trends, or correlations across two discrete dimensions, the Heatmap Chart provides a powerful visual solution. By mapping data values to a dynamic color scale across a two-dimensional grid, heatmaps allow users to spot peak usage…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":1254,"menu_order":15,"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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