{"id":2083,"date":"2026-07-08T06:12:59","date_gmt":"2026-07-08T06:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/ru\/docs\/uncategorized\/mermaid-js-packet-diagram-syntax-layout-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-07-08T06:12:59","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T06:12:59","slug":"mermaid-js-packet-diagram-syntax-layout-guide","status":"publish","type":"ld_docs","link":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/ru\/docs\/vpascode-docs\/mermaid-js-packet-diagram-syntax-layout-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Mermaid.js"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432 Mermaid.js, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b, \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c RFC:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 (\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u044c):<\/strong> \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0437 32 \u0431\u0438\u0442 (\u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441 0 \u043f\u043e 31).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432:<\/strong> \u0412\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b \u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0432 32 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441<code>packet<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0417\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0443<code>\"\u0418\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\": \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">Mermaid<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNorSEzOTi3h5VJQMNA1tlJQCkstKs7Mz1MCiZjomgNFPD18wDwLXUNTIDeksiBVIT9NITi1qCwzORUsZWima2wIkssvScxR8EnNSy\/JUAIA9U8XCQ==\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c Mermaid \u0432 VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">Mermaid<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNorSEzOTi3h5VJQMNA1tlJQujDpwtaLDRcbL+y42K8EEjbRNQcKe3r4gHkWuoamIFWLLuy4sF8BqGz3xeYL2y5svNgNljY00zU2BMnPAwp1XthwsV\/hwpYLu4GK917YoAQAuPUusQ==\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit Mermaid in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-mermaid\"><code class=\"language-mermaid\" data-language=\"mermaid\" class=\"language-mermaid\">packet\r\n  0-3: \"\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\"\r\n  4-7: \"IHL\"\r\n  8-15: \"\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b\"\r\n  16-31: \"\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\"<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNorSEzOTi3h5VJQMNA1tlJQujDpwtaLDRcbL+y42K8EEjbRNQcKe3r4gHkWuoamIFWLLuy4sF8BqGz3xeYL2y5svNgNljY00zU2BMnPAwp1XthwsV\/hwpYLu4GK917YoAQAuPUusQ==\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit Mermaid in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNorSEzOTi3h5VJQMNA1tlJQCkstKs7Mz1MCiZjomgNFPD18wDwLXUNTIDeksiBVIT9NITi1qCwzORUsZWima2wIkssvScxR8EnNSy\/JUAIA9U8XCQ==\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c Mermaid \u0432 VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"sLdedxF\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-958\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"62\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1026px) 100vw, 1026px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844.png 1026w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844-300x18.png 300w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844-1024x62.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844-768x46.png 768w\" width=\"1026\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0443<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 Mermaid.js.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0418\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435<code>packet<\/code> \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0418\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0438.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code>1<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430, <code>8<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432, <code>16<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b). \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 32 \u0431\u0438\u0442.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436: \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 IPv4<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 (IPv4). \u041e\u043d \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e 16 \u0431\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437 32 \u0431\u0438\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 32 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">Mermaid<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNo9jssKwjAQRfeC\/xC6H2j6rluhVCgoWNyHdNKGPlKSKPj3Jim4vPcMd87O+Iz2fCIkhvRCohdqI9UW+SaD0jW3tgupApq72H93JEqQJ+qP5BgQLSClninLFtLhNtopgDSBLGwMuFkpJGf2P15BHjvULGw0ockpFF6h0Wxc3T25C2HQBlY4l\/ChP2TKBMra5YdWVnG1HIYx1F6xRTagJtcJ+Wzea\/QDkn45+g==\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c Mermaid \u0432 VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">Mermaid<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNpFkEFuwlAMRPdI3OEre0sJIQn0BK3EoShFSIgFEitWoFY9QFoaGpEQrjC+EWODYOmZN\/b8jwtKnFDprN8LIZb0JUTYcJ7qO2pdRyYPpaD89jrxaSRJZtQXalwCsUY\/cMSPrtxOckkT83eUlih1HfCHhvAZpRPpQIa2EFsaFc4646U5gRPpxfPqSLLYsG+mSxxQu5wlknvLT7TsubQNzFZB5zp1rr0vvV3L2d77bGhXaK3PkYF\/izlRDKQYG7En0THYsUmH5vbaWMbZw8SvfY0VDVxgx8i5TCm6AiKjp3I=\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit Mermaid in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-mermaid\"><code class=\"language-mermaid\" data-language=\"mermaid\" class=\"language-mermaid\">\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\r\n  0-3: \"\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\"\r\n  4-7: \"IHL\"\r\n  8-15: \"\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b\"\r\n  16-31: \"\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430\"\r\n  32-47: \"\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\"\r\n  48-50: \"\u0424\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438\"\r\n  51-63: \"\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\"\r\n  64-71: \"\u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438\"\r\n  72-79: \"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\"\r\n  80-95: \"\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\"<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNpFkEFuwlAMRPdI3OEre0sJIQn0BK3EoShFSIgFEitWoFY9QFoaGpEQrjC+EWODYOmZN\/b8jwtKnFDprN8LIZb0JUTYcJ7qO2pdRyYPpaD89jrxaSRJZtQXalwCsUY\/cMSPrtxOckkT83eUlih1HfCHhvAZpRPpQIa2EFsaFc4646U5gRPpxfPqSLLYsG+mSxxQu5wlknvLT7TsubQNzFZB5zp1rr0vvV3L2d77bGhXaK3PkYF\/izlRDKQYG7En0THYsUmH5vbaWMbZw8SvfY0VDVxgx8i5TCm6AiKjp3I=\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit Mermaid in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNo9jssKwjAQRfeC\/xC6H2j6rluhVCgoWNyHdNKGPlKSKPj3Jim4vPcMd87O+Iz2fCIkhvRCohdqI9UW+SaD0jW3tgupApq72H93JEqQJ+qP5BgQLSClninLFtLhNtopgDSBLGwMuFkpJGf2P15BHjvULGw0ockpFF6h0Wxc3T25C2HQBlY4l\/ChP2TKBMra5YdWVnG1HIYx1F6xRTagJtcJ+Wzea\/QDkn45+g==\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c Mermaid \u0432 VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"WSZphUv\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-959\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"156\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1026px) 100vw, 1026px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711.png 1026w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711-1024x156.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711-768x117.png 768w\" width=\"1026\"\/><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p><em><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 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\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432 Mermaid.js, \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 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