{"id":2017,"date":"2026-08-06T06:15:46","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T06:15:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/uncategorized\/d2-syntax-basics\/"},"modified":"2026-08-06T06:15:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T06:15:46","slug":"d2-syntax-basics","status":"publish","type":"ld_docs","link":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/vpascode-docs\/d2-playbook\/d2-syntax-basics\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p D2"},"content":{"rendered":"

D2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. D2 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201cS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khai b\u00e1o\u201d. Trong VPasCode, D2 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb9o:<\/strong>C\u00fa ph\u00e1p D2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/div>\n

1. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n g\u00f5 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u0169i t\u00ean (-><\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c <-><\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 hai chi\u1ec1u).<\/p>\n

\n
\nD2<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\r\n
\r\n D2<\/span>\r\n \r\n <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n 
# K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\r\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng -> M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Web: Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP\r\nM\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Web -> C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: L\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\r\nC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u -> M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Web: Tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\r\nM\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Web <-> B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m: \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"D2<\/p>\n
2. Ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh<\/h2>\n
M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u1ed9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ec3u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00e3n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/code> thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n
\n
\nD2<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    D2<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
# X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng\r\nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: {\r\n  h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi\r\n}\r\n\r\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y: {\r\n  h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng: \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y\r\n}\r\n\r\nC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh: {\r\n  h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng: h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5\r\n  nh\u00e3n: \"C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh (PostgreSQL)\"\r\n}\r\n\r\nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng -> D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y -> C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"D2<\/p>\n
3. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1edbp<\/h2>\n
D2 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp<\/code> h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
\n
\nD2<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    D2<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
T\u00e0i kho\u1ea3nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: {\r\n  h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng: l\u1edbp\r\n\r\n  accountId: Chu\u1ed7i\r\n  emailAddress: Chu\u1ed7i\r\n\r\n  isActive(): Boolean\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"D2<\/p>\n
4. C\u00e1c container l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p (nh\u00f3m)<\/h2>\n
D2 gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c container tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c nh\u1ecdn chu\u1ea9n (“{}<\/code>). B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n
\n
\nD2<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    D2<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
# Nh\u00f3m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c container\r\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Frontend: {\r\n  Giao di\u1ec7n React -> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\r\n}\r\n\r\nC\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Backend: {\r\n  C\u1ed5ng API -> D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c\r\n  C\u1ed5ng API -> D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4 \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\r\n}\r\n\r\n# K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m\r\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Frontend.Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i -> C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Backend.C\u1ed5ng API: G\u1ecdi REST<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"D2<\/p>\n
5. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng & M\u00e0u s\u1eafc<\/h2>\n
C\u00e1c m\u00e0u n\u1ec1n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh, m\u00e0u vi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong kh\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3astyle<\/code>t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n
\n
\nD2<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    D2<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 A: {\r\n  style: {\r\n    fill: \"#e0e7ff\"\r\n    stroke: \"#4338ca\"\r\n    border-radius: 8\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 B: {\r\n  style: {\r\n    fill: \"#fef3c7\"\r\n    stroke: \"#d97706\"\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\nD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 A -> D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 B: G\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit D2 in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda D2 trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"D2<\/p>\n
6. B\u1ea3ng ghi nh\u1edb c\u00fa ph\u00e1p nhanh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00e3 code<\/th>\nN\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong><\/td>\nA -> B<\/code><\/td>\nV\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb A \u0111\u1ebfn B.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/td>\nA -> B: G\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/code><\/td>\nTh\u00eam v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u0169i t\u00ean hai chi\u1ec1u<\/strong><\/td>\nA <-> B<\/code><\/td>\nV\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 theo c\u1ea3 hai h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00e1c container \/ Nh\u00f3m<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00e1y ch\u1ee7: { ... }<\/code><\/td>\nGom nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/td>\nh\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng: h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5<\/code><\/td>\nThay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ed9p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, l\u1edbp, v.v.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ghi ch\u00fa<\/strong><\/td>\n# Ghi ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i<\/code><\/td>\nC\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
D2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. D2 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u201cS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khai b\u00e1o\u201d. Trong VPasCode, D2 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"ld_collection":[14],"class_list":["post-2017","ld_docs","type-ld_docs","status-publish","hentry","ld_collection-vpascode-docs"],"yoast_head":"\nD2 Syntax | Text to diagram tool - VPasCode<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Master D2 declarative diagramming in VPasCode. Easily build cloud architecture diagrams, ERDs, and workflow charts directly from simple code snippets.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/vpascode-docs\/d2-playbook\/d2-syntax-basics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D2 Syntax | Text to diagram tool - VPasCode\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Master D2 declarative diagramming in VPasCode. 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