{"id":2077,"date":"2026-07-08T06:12:59","date_gmt":"2026-07-08T06:12:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/uncategorized\/mermaid-js-packet-diagram-syntax-layout-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-07-08T06:12:59","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T06:12:59","slug":"mermaid-js-packet-diagram-syntax-layout-guide","status":"publish","type":"ld_docs","link":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/vpascode-docs\/mermaid-js-packet-diagram-syntax-layout-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i Mermaid.js"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an ninh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n trong Mermaid.js, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd b\u1ea3ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 bit ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng linh ho\u1ea1t t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/p>\n<h2>Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n<p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng t\u1ef1 do th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, mang t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c RFC m\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng bit (tr\u1ee5c ngang):<\/strong> B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chia m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi 32 bit (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bit t\u1eeb 0 \u0111\u1ebfn 31) theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n bit t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n khai b\u00e1o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i bit cho t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc\u2014t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec1 nhau v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang sang h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng khi t\u1ed5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 32 bit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n<p>M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng <code>packet<\/code>ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 khai b\u00e1o. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u1eb7p tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n theo nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t m\u1eabu <code>\"T\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng\": K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bit<\/code>tr\u00ean t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">Mermaid<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNorSEzOTi3h5VJQMNA1tlJQCkstKs7Mz1MCiZjomgNFPD18wDwLXUNTIDeksiBVIT9NITi1qCwzORUsZWima2wIkssvScxR8EnNSy\/JUAIA9U8XCQ==\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Mermaid trong VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">Mermaid<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNorSEzOTi3h5VJQMNA1tlJQCsjIPLwqTyHp4a7FeUogYRNdc6Cwp4cPmGeha2gK5PrkP9y1MFMh5eHu7uQMhbKHu5eCZQ3NdI0NgdJHJjzcPVMh5fCCTIWSh7un5qUrJAMF8tKVAIzBJuw=\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit Mermaid in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-mermaid\"><code class=\"language-mermaid\" data-language=\"mermaid\" class=\"language-mermaid\">packet\r\n  0-3: \"Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n\"\r\n  4-7: \"IHL\"\r\n  8-15: \"Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\"\r\n  16-31: \"\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng\"<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNorSEzOTi3h5VJQMNA1tlJQCsjIPLwqTyHp4a7FeUogYRNdc6Cwp4cPmGeha2gK5PrkP9y1MFMh5eHu7uQMhbKHu5eCZQ3NdI0NgdJHJjzcPVMh5fCCTIWSh7un5qUrJAMF8tKVAIzBJuw=\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit Mermaid in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNorSEzOTi3h5VJQMNA1tlJQCkstKs7Mz1MCiZjomgNFPD18wDwLXUNTIDeksiBVIT9NITi1qCwzORUsZWima2wIkssvScxR8EnNSy\/JUAIA9U8XCQ==\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Mermaid trong VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"sLdedxF\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-958\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"62\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1026px) 100vw, 1026px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844.png 1026w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844-300x18.png 300w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844-1024x62.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb786f844-768x46.png 768w\" width=\"1026\"\/><\/p>\n<h2>Tham chi\u1ebfu c\u00fa ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i trong Mermaid.js.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n<th>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3u<\/th>\n<th>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 &amp; H\u00e0nh vi l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ef1c quan<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Khai b\u00e1o<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a<\/td>\n<td>Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c giao th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 bit. Ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c <code>packet<\/code>kh\u1ed1i ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>T\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p<\/td>\n<td>Nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u1ed1i. Lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bit<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>S\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td>\n<td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i bit tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 <code>1<\/code> cho c\u1edd \u0111\u01a1n bit, <code>8<\/code> cho byte, <code>16<\/code> cho short). Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>B\u1ed9 theo d\u00f5i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n<td>X\u1ea3y ra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed7i khi t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i bit k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a 32 bit.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3i IPv4<\/h2>\n<p>B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y theo d\u00f5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn internet ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n (IPv4). N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec1u bit, c\u1edd \u0111\u01a1n bit v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn 16-bit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 b\u00ean trong b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c l\u01b0\u1edbi ngang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n 32-bit. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 32 bit s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfp theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\n<div class=\"vpascode-header\">\n<span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">Mermaid<\/span><br \/>\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNo9jssKwjAQRfeC\/xC6H2j6rluhVCgoWNyHdNKGPlKSKPj3Jim4vPcMd87O+Iz2fCIkhvRCohdqI9UW+SaD0jW3tgupApq72H93JEqQJ+qP5BgQLSClninLFtLhNtopgDSBLGwMuFkpJGf2P15BHjvULGw0ockpFF6h0Wxc3T25C2HQBlY4l\/ChP2TKBMra5YdWVnG1HIYx1F6xRTagJtcJ+Wzea\/QDkn45+g==\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Mermaid trong VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\n            <div class=\"vpascode-viewer-container vpascode-fancy-active\">\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-header\">\r\n                    <span class=\"vpascode-lang-label\">Mermaid<\/span>\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNo9jr2KwkAQx3vBdxjSDyTGJGp7xd2hiIUvEBNxF89VjugLWFjYaGFhIfiBiIIvkC2TF5k3cXY9rhr+H8z\/N4uT8TCrVgBc9Fvg9IQsHgoGlF+UY+w6Rmx\/f3WsaqAXsOxMKT9JSEmvEwEL0lebeiH6HsflhvQe0uIoISO9UyNI2FAjW\/JrWDcvu4Lyp4JUkl79TTUwcDn5IH2wRuBh6P\/\/++Eir81EcVYwMYDCtkJGNKv9\/psxqmHUZP0p4ylkgvQ9ebO72DTwbV5cTiD7jfkX5TcF5ZbP3HkBHcFcEQ==\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 8px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit Mermaid in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"vpascode-code-wrapper\">\r\n                    <pre class=\"lang-mermaid\"><code class=\"language-mermaid\" data-language=\"mermaid\" class=\"language-mermaid\">packet\r\n  0-3: \"Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n\"\r\n  4-7: \"IHL\"\r\n  8-15: \"Lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\"\r\n  16-31: \"\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng\"\r\n  32-47: \"Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n\"\r\n  48-50: \"C\u1edd\"\r\n  51-63: \"\u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh\"\r\n  64-71: \"TTL\"\r\n  72-79: \"Giao th\u1ee9c\"\r\n  80-95: \"Ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u\"<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                <div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNo9jr2KwkAQx3vBdxjSDyTGJGp7xd2hiIUvEBNxF89VjugLWFjYaGFhIfiBiIIvkC2TF5k3cXY9rhr+H8z\/N4uT8TCrVgBc9Fvg9IQsHgoGlF+UY+w6Rmx\/f3WsaqAXsOxMKT9JSEmvEwEL0lebeiH6HsflhvQe0uIoISO9UyNI2FAjW\/JrWDcvu4Lyp4JUkl79TTUwcDn5IH2wRuBh6P\/\/++Eir81EcVYwMYDCtkJGNKv9\/psxqmHUZP0p4ylkgvQ9ebO72DTwbV5cTiD7jfkX5TcF5ZbP3HkBHcFcEQ==\" \r\n                       target=\"_blank\" \r\n                       rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" \r\n                       class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\">\r\n                        <svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        <span>Edit Mermaid in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"vpascode-actions\">\n<a class=\"vpascode-fancy-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/editor\/#mermaid:eNo9jssKwjAQRfeC\/xC6H2j6rluhVCgoWNyHdNKGPlKSKPj3Jim4vPcMd87O+Iz2fCIkhvRCohdqI9UW+SaD0jW3tgupApq72H93JEqQJ+qP5BgQLSClninLFtLhNtopgDSBLGwMuFkpJGf2P15BHjvULGw0ockpFF6h0Wxc3T25C2HQBlY4l\/ChP2TKBMra5YdWVnG1HIYx1F6xRTagJtcJ+Wzea\/QDkn45+g==\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n<svg fill=\"none\" height=\"14\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" style=\"margin-right: 6px;\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"14\"><path d=\"M11 4H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v14a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h14a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-7\"><\/path><path d=\"M18.5 2.5a2.121 2.121 0 0 1 3 3L12 15l-4 1 1-4 9.5-9.5z\"><\/path><\/svg><br \/>\n<span>Ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Mermaid trong VPasCode<\/span><br \/>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"WSZphUv\"><img alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-959\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"156\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1026px) 100vw, 1026px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711.png 1026w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711-1024x156.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/img_6a4deb824d711-768x117.png 768w\" width=\"1026\"\/><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p><em><strong>L\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00fa ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o duy nh\u1ea5t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 32 bit (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i m\u00e3 h\u00f3a 64 bit ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u), b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ebd cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc qua nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h2>Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn &amp; gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n<p>Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 byte, h\u00e3y ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bao b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i chu\u1ed7i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p. B\u1ecf qua d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p s\u1ebd g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc bit chu\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c g\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb theo sau d\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean th\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p. Truy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eef c\u00e1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 <code>\"D\u1eef li\u1ec7u\": 8bit<\/code>) s\u1ebd d\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e9p l\u01b0\u1edbi<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i chia h\u1ebft cho 32 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bit ch\u01b0a g\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i tr\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb thang \u0111o:<\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c d\u00e0i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 1 bit ho\u1eb7c 2 bit s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u1eaft b\u1ecf ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n bit nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00f3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng, chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch an ninh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":21,"template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"ld_collection":[14],"class_list":["post-2077","ld_docs","type-ld_docs","status-publish","hentry","ld_collection-vpascode-docs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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