{"id":2096,"date":"2026-05-26T09:02:41","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T09:02:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/uncategorized\/graphviz-graph-syntax-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T09:02:41","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T09:02:41","slug":"graphviz-graph-syntax-guide","status":"publish","type":"ld_docs","link":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/vpascode-docs\/graphviz-graph-syntax-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00fa ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb Graphviz: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng"},"content":{"rendered":"
Trong khi digraph<\/strong> l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/strong> (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a graph<\/code> ) l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c phi th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc. Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, to\u00e1n t\u1eed k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i --<\/code> cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai n\u00fat m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u00fat d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn, g\u00e2y ra ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u00fat kia.<\/p>\n

Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 logic. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5m m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi, chia s\u1ebb t\u1ec7p tin ngang h\u00e0ng (P2P), k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1p n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, \u201ch\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng linh ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c hai chi\u1ec1u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khai b\u00e1o graph<\/code> lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u201cngu\u1ed3n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u00edch\u201d, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o topology<\/strong>\u2014t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

1. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u00fa ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tu\u00e2n theo c\u00fa ph\u00e1p g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t v\u1edbi digraph, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng: to\u00e1n t\u1eed. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thay th\u1ebf -><\/code> b\u1eb1ng --<\/code>, b\u1ea1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u00ecnh bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch DOT r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

\n
\nGraphviz<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Graphviz trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\r\n
\r\n Graphviz<\/span>\r\n \r\n <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n Edit Graphviz in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n 
graph NetworkTopology {\r\n    \/\/ M\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hai chi\u1ec1u\r\n    \"Server_01\" -- \"Server_02\";\r\n    \r\n    \/\/ M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111a n\u00fat\r\n    \"Server_02\" -- \"Server_03\" -- \"Server_04\";\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Graphviz in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Graphviz trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng cao: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u201cL\u00f2 xo\u201d<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng Graphviz m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh dot<\/code> \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. B\u1edfi v\u00ec dot<\/code> \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a cho x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n,\u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb<\/code> \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n