{"id":2111,"date":"2026-05-26T07:38:24","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T07:38:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/uncategorized\/plantuml-erd-syntax-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T07:38:24","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T07:38:24","slug":"plantuml-erd-syntax-guide","status":"publish","type":"ld_docs","link":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/vpascode-docs\/plantuml-erd-syntax-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00fa ph\u00e1p ERD c\u1ee7a PlantUML"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD)<\/strong> l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. N\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng (th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3) trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Trong PlantUML, c\u00e1c ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Th\u00f4ng tin (IE)<\/strong>, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00e2n chim<\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u vi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u1ed1i SQL, hay l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n doanh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t ERD UML d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh b\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. V\u1edbi VPasCode<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic b\u1eb1ng c\u00fa ph\u00e1p s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, khai b\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9p b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed n\u00e0o ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ERD ki\u1ec3u IE m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong PlantUML ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n chim.<\/p>\n

1. Khai b\u00e1o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u)<\/h3>\n

B\u1ea1n khai b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng entity<\/code>t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a, theo sau l\u00e0 t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c nh\u1ecdn. B\u00ean trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c nh\u1ecdn, b\u1ea1n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ngang (--<\/code>) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh\/kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/p>\n

\n
\nPlantuml<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\r\n
\r\n Plantuml<\/span>\r\n \r\n <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n 
entity \"users\" as users_table {\r\n    id : INT [PK]\r\n    --\r\n    email : VARCHAR(255)\r\n    created_at : TIMESTAMP\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
2. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 `[PK]` ho\u1eb7c `[FK]` ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t, b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd IE c\u1ee7a PlantUML c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u sao (*<\/code>) tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t **b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed7ng)**, trong khi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb s\u1ebd th\u00eam ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n
\n
\nPlantuml<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    Plantuml<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
entiti \"orders\" {\r\n    * id : INT <<PK>>\r\n    --\r\n    * user_id : INT <<FK>>\r\n    discount_code : VARCHAR(50)\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
3. \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 Cardinality v\u00e0 M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Crow\u2019s Foot<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 g\u1ea1ch ngang, d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c v\u00e0 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u1ed1ng. Trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u IE, c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u **ch\u00e2n chim** ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n