{"id":2115,"date":"2026-05-26T07:18:40","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T07:18:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/uncategorized\/plantuml-object-diagram-syntax-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T07:18:40","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T07:18:40","slug":"plantuml-object-diagram-syntax-guide","status":"publish","type":"ld_docs","link":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/vpascode-docs\/plantuml-object-diagram-syntax-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00fa ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng PlantUML"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/strong> ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ee5p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c thi \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

Lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0ylo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML<\/strong> r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p s\u00e2u (nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u00e2y cha-con), ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c minh xem m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 bi\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng. V\u1edbi VPasCode<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd h\u1ed9p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng UML ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 chu\u1ea9n trong PlantUML, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, g\u00e1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

1. Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (T\u00ean so v\u1edbi Ki\u1ec3u l\u1edbp)<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a object<\/code> t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a UML chu\u1ea9n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, theo sau l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hai ch\u1ea5m, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c l\u1edbp cha:<\/p>\n

\n
\nPlantuml<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\r\n
\r\n Plantuml<\/span>\r\n \r\n <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n 
object \"currentUser : Account\" as activeUser<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
M\u1eb9o chuy\u00ean gia:<\/em> Lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a as<\/code> \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t khai b\u00e1o t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u00e0i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ID ng\u1eafn, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (nh\u01b0 activeUser<\/code>) \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft nhanh v\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/p>\n
2. G\u00e1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y m\u1edf kh\u1ed1i th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c nh\u1ecdn k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0 ghi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f3a-d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u1edbp, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eebng th\u00eam ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u2014h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/p>\n
\n
\nPlantuml<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    Plantuml<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
object \"adminCart : ShoppingCart\" as cart1 {\r\n    cartId = \"CART-9081\"\r\n    soLuongMatHang = 3\r\n    kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf = false\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
3. \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c con tr\u1ecf b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea1n \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p li\u1ec1n (“--<\/code>). B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nh\u00e3n chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft:<\/p>\n
\n
\nPlantuml<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    Plantuml<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
activeUser -- cart1 : \"s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda\"<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n