{"id":2121,"date":"2026-05-26T06:54:30","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T06:54:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/uncategorized\/plantuml-use-case-diagram-syntax-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T06:54:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T06:54:30","slug":"plantuml-use-case-diagram-syntax-guide","status":"publish","type":"ld_docs","link":"https:\/\/www.vpascode.com\/vn\/docs\/vpascode-docs\/plantuml-use-case-diagram-syntax-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00fa ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng PlantUML"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng). Thay v\u00ec hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p logic t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi VPasCode<\/strong>, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u0169 k\u1ef9, kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00fa ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong PlantUML d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ebb ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n @startuml<\/code> v\u00e0 @enduml<\/code> th\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

1. Khai b\u00e1o t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ho\u1eb7c API ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i). B\u1ea1n khai b\u00e1o m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a actor<\/code>theo sau l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ID vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9:<\/p>\n

\n
\nPlantuml<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\r\n
\r\n Plantuml<\/span>\r\n \r\n <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n <\/a>\r\n <\/div>\r\n
\r\n 
actor customer\r\nactor admin as \"Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\"<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
M\u1eb9o chuy\u00ean gia:<\/em> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a as<\/code>\u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c ID t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n
2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo hai c\u00e1ch: b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bao quanh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n)<\/code>, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a usecase<\/code>t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/p>\n
\n
\nPlantuml<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    Plantuml<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
(\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n)\r\nusecase checkout as \"X\u1eed l\u00fd thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\"<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
3. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c use case t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng quan h\u1ec7 h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nh\u00e3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/p>\n
\n
\nPlantuml<\/span>
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n
\n            
\r\n                                
\r\n                    Plantuml<\/span>\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                
\r\n                    
customer --> (\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n)\r\nadmin --> checkout : \"Duy\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n\"<\/code><\/pre>                <\/div>\r\n                
\r\n                    \r\n                        <\/path><\/path><\/svg>\r\n                        Edit Plantuml in VPasCode<\/span>\r\n                    <\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n            \n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/path><\/path><\/svg>
\nCh\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda Plantuml trong VPasCode<\/span>
\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
4. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e2ng cao: Include v\u00e0 Extend<\/h3>\n
Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c use case kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh danh UML chu\u1ea9n:<\/p>\n